POLICY NOTES

× India has a robust policy framework for nutrition that covers most evidence-based interventions (Vir et al. 2013), and it has in place large-scale national program platforms – the Integrated Child Development Services and the National Rural Health Mission – with the mandate to deliver diverse nutrition interventions (Avula et al. 2013). The National Nutrition Strategy (NITI Aayog 2017) and POSHAN Abhiyaan, India’s national nutrition mission launched in early 2018, provide an updated strategic framework for action to improve nutritional outcomes for children, pregnant women, and lactating mothers. The mission-mode approach provides an impetus to strengthen not only the implementation but also the monitoring and measurement of progress. The mission explicitly notes that NITI Aayog has a mandate to lead on the monitoring and evaluation of POSHAN Abhiyaan. This Policy Note, developed jointly with NITI Aayog and IDinsight, aims to provide guidance to national, state, and district level government officials/stakeholders on issues to consider on the use of data to track progress on nutrition interventions, immediate and underlying determinants, and outcomes. It proposes an indicator framework for POSHAN Abhiyaan and examines availability of data on these indicators across both population-based surveys and administrative data systems. Finally, it lays out issues to be considered in strengthening efforts to improve the use of data in the context of POSHAN Abhiyaan and makes key recommendations on improving data availability and improving the use of currently available data.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in West Bengal and to document trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight the key areas of action to improve nutrition in West Bengal.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Chhattisgarh and to document trends and regional variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight the key areas of action to improve nutrition in Chhattisgarh.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Sikkim and to document trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight the key areas of action to improve nutrition in Sikkim.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Manipur and to document trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight the key areas of action to improve nutrition in Manipur.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Nagaland and to document trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight the key areas of action to improve nutrition in Nagaland.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Himachal Pradesh and to document trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight the key areas of action to improve nutrition in Himachal Pradesh.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Meghalaya and to document trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight the key areas for action to improve nutrition in Meghalaya.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Jammu & Kashmir and to document trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight the key areas of action to improve nutrition in Jammu & Kashmir.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Punjab and to document trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight the key areas of action to improve nutrition in Punjab.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Mizoram and to document trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight the key areas of action to improve nutrition in Mizoram.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Kerala and to document trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight the key areas of action to improve nutrition in Kerala.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the current status of undernutrition in Telangana and to document geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight the key areas of action to improve nutrition in Telangana.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Uttarakhand and to document trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight the key areas of action to improve nutrition in Uttarakhand.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Assam and to document trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight the key areas of action to improve nutrition in Assam.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the current status of undernutrition in Andhra Pradesh and to document geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight key areas of action to improve nutrition in Andhra Pradesh.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Goa and to document trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight the key areas of action to improve nutrition in Goa.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Delhi and to document trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight the key areas of action to improve nutrition in Delhi.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Odisha and to document trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight the key areas of action to improve nutrition in Odisha. This analysis builds upon our previous work on documenting nutrition change in Odisha (Menon et al. 2016; Kohli et al. 2017).

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Madhya Pradesh and to document the trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight the key areas of action to improve nutrition in Madhya Pradesh.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Tripura and to document trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight the key areas of action to improve nutrition in Tripura.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in under nutrition in Rajasthan and to document the trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight the key areas of action to improve nutrition in Rajasthan.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Arunachal Pradesh and to document trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight the key areas of action to improve nutrition in Arunachal Pradesh.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Haryana as well as to document trends and geographic variability in the determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight the key areas of action to improve nutrition in Haryana.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Karnataka and to document trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight key areas for actions to improve nutrition in Karnataka.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Jharkhand and to document trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight key areas for actions to improve nutrition in Jharkhand.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Maharashtra and to document trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight key areas for actions to improve nutrition in Maharashtra.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Gujarat and to document trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight key areas for actions to improve nutrition in Gujarat.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Uttar Pradesh and to document trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight key areas for actions to improve nutrition in Uttar Pradesh.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Bihar and to document trends and geographic variability in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight key areas for actions to improve nutrition in Bihar.

× The purpose of this Policy Note is to examine the trends in undernutrition in Tamil Nadu, and to document trends in the major determinants of nutrition and the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions. In doing this analysis, we aim to highlight key areas for actions to improve nutrition in Tamil Nadu.

× Our analysis indicates that there are large interstate differences in the delivery of essential nutrition interventions across India, and considerable variability in the estimated costs of delivering these interventions at scale. Additionally, allocations to key ministries, such as the MoHFW and the MoWCD, for nutrition, have been stagnant or have declined over the years. Furthermore, budget allocations for critical public health interventions such as toilets and piped water, are still quite low and will likely be inadequate to cover all families.

× To identify global lessons in working multisectorally for nutrition and to ascertain what lessons could be applied to the Indian context, a team from POSHAN examined global best practices from other countries, including Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, Senegal, and Thailand (Cunningham 2011; Garrett & Natalicchio 2011; Meija-Acosta 2011; Hoey & Pelletier 2011; Heaver & Kachondam 2002). The team also performed a desk review of nutrition policies and programs in India at the national and select state levels that were designed to involve multiple sectors, ministries, or actors. The remainder of this note presents lessons learned from the global experiences, describes current multisectoral initiatives in India in nutrition, and makes recom­mendations that can ensure better implementation and sustainability of multisectoral approaches for nutrition in India.